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ABOUT USBinzhou Donghailong Piston Co., Ltd. was established in August 2003 and is located at No. 23, Zhangfu Road, Binzhou Industrial Park. The company has a registered capital of 5 million yuan and 286 employees. The company covers
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PRODUCT CENTERThe company continues to carry out technological transformation to achieve energy saving and emission reduction, and continuously adopts high-end technology and equipment from the world (Germany, Italy, Japan) to achieve prec
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NEWSThe company is committed to the research of internal combustion engine pistons for motor vehicles, and constantly strives to develop into a scale-effective, technological, export-oriented, environmental-friendly and resource-
Internal combustion engine piston structure
The entire piston can be mainly divided into three parts: the piston crown, the piston head and the piston skirt.
The main function of the piston is to withstand the combustion pressure in the cylinder and transmit this force to the crankshaft through the piston pin and connecting rod. In addition, the piston also forms the combustion chamber together with the cylinder head and cylinder wall.
The top of the piston is an integral part of the combustion chamber, so it is often made into different shapes. The top of the gasoline engine piston is mostly flat or concave, so that the structure of the combustion chamber is compact, the heat dissipation area is small, and the manufacturing process is simple. Convex pistons are often used in two-stroke gasoline engines. Diesel engine piston tops are often made into various pits.
The piston head is the part above the piston pin seat. Piston rings are installed on the piston head to prevent high-temperature and high-pressure gas from entering the crankcase, and at the same time prevent oil from entering the combustion chamber; most of the heat absorbed by the piston top also passes through the piston head. Partially transmitted to the cylinder, and then passed away through the cooling medium.
The piston head is processed with several ring grooves for installing piston rings. The number of piston rings depends on the sealing requirements, which is related to the engine speed and cylinder pressure. High-speed engines have fewer rings than low-speed engines, and gasoline engines have fewer rings than diesel engines. Generally, gasoline engines use 2 gas rings and 1 oil ring; diesel engines use 3 gas rings and 1 oil ring; low-speed diesel engines use 3 to 4 gas rings. In order to reduce friction loss, the height of the ring belt should be reduced as much as possible, and the number of rings should be reduced under the condition of ensuring sealing.
Everything below the piston ring groove is called the piston skirt. Its function is to guide the piston to reciprocate in the cylinder and bear side pressure. When the engine is working, the piston will be bent and deformed due to the gas pressure in the cylinder. After the piston is heated, the amount of expansion of the piston pin is greater than that of other parts because there is more metal at the piston pin. In addition, the piston will also produce extrusion deformation under the action of side pressure. The comprehensive result of the above-mentioned deformation makes the cross-section of the piston skirt become an ellipse whose major axis is perpendicular to the direction of the piston pin. In addition, due to the uneven distribution of temperature and mass of the piston along the axial direction, the thermal expansion of each section is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom.
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The cylinder is where the gas mixture (gasoline and air) burns. The cylinder accommodates the piston for reciprocating motion. The cylinder head is equipped with an electric spark plug (commonly known as an electric nozzle) to ignite the mixture, as well as intake and exhaust valves. When the engine is working, the temperature of the cylinder is very high, so there are many cooling fins on the outer wall of the cylinder to expand the heat dissipation area. The arrangement of the cylinders on the engine casing (casing) is mostly star-shaped or V-shaped
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Cut off oil cylinder by cylinder. Take the method of cutting off the oil cylinder by cylinder to determine the position of the knocking cylinder. If the oil is cut off to a certain cylinder, the sound decreases or disappears obviously, and when the oil supply is resumed, you can hear the obvious "click" sound, indicating that the cylinder The piston hits the cylinder.
The live village is called the heart of the engine. It is one of the most important parts in the engine. Its function is to bear the gas pressure and transmit it to the connecting rod through the piston pin to drive the crankshaft to rotate. When the engine is working, the piston is directly in contact with the high-temperature gas with an instantaneous temperature of 2200 degrees Celsius, and the temperature at the top reaches 300C-400C, and the temperature distribution is uneven: the top of the piston bears a large gas pressure during the power stroke, the gasoline engine reaches 4MPar5MPa, and the diesel engine Up to 8MP~9MPa, or even higher: In addition, the line speed of the reciprocating movement of the piston in the cylinder can reach llm/s~1m/s; work under such harsh conditions.
The piston is called the "heart" of the internal combustion engine. It is not only closely related to the performance, emissions, and economy of the internal combustion engine, but also directly related to the reliability of the internal combustion engine; most of the existing piston structures are shown in Figure 1. The cooling oil passage 12, the ring bank 13, the piston pin hole and the skirt 14 are composed of four parts. The internal combustion engine piston works under the harsh conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high speed and poor lubrication. Serious and poor heat dissipation conditions, so the temperature of the piston is very high when it is working, especially its top can reach 600-700K; in addition, because the pressure of the gas on the top of the piston is very high, the top of the piston must bear a strong impact when it is working.
Cleverly install the piston pin. The piston pin and the pin hole are an interference fit. When installing, put the piston in water or engine oil and heat it evenly to 90°C~100°C. After taking it out, put the tie rod at an appropriate position between the holes of the piston pin seat, and then install the piston pin coated with engine oil in the predetermined direction. Insert it into the piston pin hole and the copper sleeve of the connecting rod.
When the temperature changes, the size and shape change should be small, and the minimum gap between the cylinder wall and the cylinder wall should be kept.
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