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Selection and Development Trend of Engine Piston Material



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The cylinder is where the gas mixture (gasoline and air) burns. The cylinder accommodates the piston for reciprocating motion. The cylinder head is equipped with an electric spark plug (commonly known as an electric nozzle) to ignite the mixture, as well as intake and exhaust valves. When the engine is working, the temperature of the cylinder is very high, so there are many cooling fins on the outer wall of the cylinder to expand the heat dissipation area. The arrangement of the cylinders on the engine casing (casing) is mostly star-shaped or V-shaped

Cut off oil cylinder by cylinder. Take the method of cutting off the oil cylinder by cylinder to determine the position of the knocking cylinder. If the oil is cut off to a certain cylinder, the sound decreases or disappears obviously, and when the oil supply is resumed, you can hear the obvious "click" sound, indicating that the cylinder The piston hits the cylinder.

The live village is called the heart of the engine. It is one of the most important parts in the engine. Its function is to bear the gas pressure and transmit it to the connecting rod through the piston pin to drive the crankshaft to rotate. When the engine is working, the piston is directly in contact with the high-temperature gas with an instantaneous temperature of 2200 degrees Celsius, and the temperature at the top reaches 300C-400C, and the temperature distribution is uneven: the top of the piston bears a large gas pressure during the power stroke, the gasoline engine reaches 4MPar5MPa, and the diesel engine Up to 8MP~9MPa, or even higher: In addition, the line speed of the reciprocating movement of the piston in the cylinder can reach llm/s~1m/s; work under such harsh conditions.

The piston is called the "heart" of the internal combustion engine. It is not only closely related to the performance, emissions, and economy of the internal combustion engine, but also directly related to the reliability of the internal combustion engine; most of the existing piston structures are shown in Figure 1. The cooling oil passage 12, the ring bank 13, the piston pin hole and the skirt 14 are composed of four parts. The internal combustion engine piston works under the harsh conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high speed and poor lubrication. Serious and poor heat dissipation conditions, so the temperature of the piston is very high when it is working, especially its top can reach 600-700K; in addition, because the pressure of the gas on the top of the piston is very high, the top of the piston must bear a strong impact when it is working.

Cleverly install the piston pin. The piston pin and the pin hole are an interference fit. When installing, put the piston in water or engine oil and heat it evenly to 90°C~100°C. After taking it out, put the tie rod at an appropriate position between the holes of the piston pin seat, and then install the piston pin coated with engine oil in the predetermined direction. Insert it into the piston pin hole and the copper sleeve of the connecting rod.

When the temperature changes, the size and shape change should be small, and the minimum gap between the cylinder wall and the cylinder wall should be kept.

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